Intel_inside - pentium computing

Gaming device

2007-10-10T06:26:00.001-07:00

MERCURY GAMEPAD Rs650
FRONTECH JOYSICK JOSH Rs800
FRONTECH ADVENTURE WHEEL Rs1200
FRONTECH VOYAGER WHEEL Rs1450
LOGITECH FORCE FEEL BACK WHEEL Rs3100

Modems

2007-10-10T06:25:00.003-07:00

56K INTERNAL Rs250
D-LINK 56K INTERNAL Rs420
USB MODEM Rs1100
D-LINK 56K EXT Rs1400
DSL MODEM D-LINK Rs1500
D-LINK WIRELESS USB ETHERNET Rs2300

Cabinet

2007-10-10T06:25:00.001-07:00

FRONTECH P4 ACE 1100
I-BALL 540 Rs1500
I-BALL TOWER Rs1500
I-BALL CROWN Rs1600
I-BALL 441 Black/White Rs1625
I-BALL GRABIT Rs1650
I-BALL BENZ Rs1875
I-BALL WORK HORSE Rs2300
NOVATECH Black/White Rs1700
ODYSSEY Black/White Rs1050

Tuner Cards

2007-10-10T06:24:00.003-07:00

TV TUNER Rs980
TV TUNER FM Rs1050
TV TUNER EXT Rs990
PIXEL VIEW Rs1600
PIXEL VIEW FM Rs1600
PINNACLE FM Rs2300
TV TUNER TECH-COM FOR TFT Rs2000
TV TUNER USB Rs1800

UPS

2007-10-10T06:24:00.001-07:00

MICROTECH 600VA Rs1800
MICROTECH 800VA Rs2300
MICROTECH 1KVA Rs2900
WIPRO 500VA Rs1600
WIPRO 600VA Rs2000
APC 500VA Rs1995
APC 650VA Rs2700
APC 800VA Rs4700
APC 1KVA Rs6800
APC 1.5KVA Rs9500
FRONTECH 600 VA Rs1600

Monitors

2007-10-10T06:23:00.001-07:00

SAMSUNG 15" 591S Rs3700
SAMSUNG 17" 793S Rs4500
SAMSUNG 17" FLAT 798MB Rs5700
LG 15" 500G Rs3700
LG 17" 700E Rs4500
LG 17" FLAT E700SH Rs5800
PHILIPS 15" 105 Rs3600
PHILIPS 17" 107 Rs4300
PHILIPS 17" FLAT 107 Rs5400
VIEWSONIC 17" FLAT Rs5900

LCD/TFT

L.G. 15" Rs8200
L.G. 17" Rs10600
L.G. 19" Rs14000
SAMSUNG 15" 540N Rs8300
SAMSUNG 17" 740N Rs10400
SAMSUNG 19'' 940BW Rs14500
BENQ 19'' BW Rs13800
PHILIPS 15" Rs8100
PHILIPS 17" Rs9800
PHILIPS 19" Rs13700
VIEWSONIC 15" Rs8400
VIEWSONIC 17" Rs9800
VIEWSONIC 19" Rs14200
SONY 15" Rs9000
SONY 17" H8-75A Rs12000
SONY 19" H8-95 Rs17500
ACER 15" Rs8000
ACER 17" Rs9500
ACER 19" Rs13400
HP 17" Rs12600

Graphics Card

2007-10-10T06:22:00.001-07:00

PCI EXPRESS:
256 MB NVIDIA GF 6200TC Rs2100
256 MB NVIDIA GF 7300 GS DDR3 Rs3000
256 MB NVIDIA GF 6600 DDR2 Rs3800
256 MB ATI RADEON X-700 Rs4900
256 MB NVIDIA GF 7300 GT DDR3 Rs4700
256 MB NVIDIA GF 7600 GS DDR3 Rs5800
256 MB NVIDIA GF 6600 GT DDR3 Rs6000
256 MB NVIDIA GF 7600 GT DDR3 Rs9000
256 MB NVIDIA GF 7900 GS DDR3 Rs14500

AGP:
128 MB NVIDIA GF MX 4000 Rs1700
128 MB NVIDIA GF FX 5200 Rs1900
128 MB NVIDIA ATI RADEON 9200SE Rs2100
128 MB NVIDIA GF 6200 Rs2600
256 MB NVIDIA GF 6600 DDR2 Rs4500
128 MB NVIDIA GF 6600 GT DDR3 Rs6600

RAM

2007-10-10T06:21:00.002-07:00

DDR 400:-
TRANSCEND 256 MB Rs1550
TRANSCEND 512 MB Rs2700
TRANSCEND 1 GB Rs5500
HYNIX 256 MB Rs1700
HYNIX 512 MB Rs2900
HYNIX 1 GB Rs5800
KINGSTON 256 MB Rs1600
KINGSTON 512 MB Rs2800
KINGSTON 1 GB Rs5600

DDR2 533:-
KINGSTON 256 MB Rs1700
KINGSTON 512 MB Rs3000
KINGSTON 1 GB Rs5800

Hard disks

2007-10-10T06:21:00.001-07:00

HARD DISK DRIVES (SGT\SAMSUNG) PRICE LIST UPDATED ON 11/9/2006

80 GB (7200 RPM) Rs1950
120 GB (7200 RPM) Rs2450
160 GB (7200 RPM) Rs2700
200 GB (7200 RPM) Rs3300
250 GB (7200 RPM) Rs3600
300 GB (7200 RPM) Rs4400
320 GB (7200 RPM) Rs4600

80 GB SATA Rs2100
120 GB SATA Rs2600
160 GB SATA Rs2800
200 GB SATA Rs3300
250 GB SATA Rs3700
300 GB SATA Rs4400
320 GB SATA Rs4800

Motherboards

2007-10-10T06:20:00.000-07:00

MOTHERBOARDS FOR AMD CPU (754)

GIGABYTE K8V800M-L Rs2000
ASUS K8V-MX Rs2100
ASUS K8V-M ULTRA Rs2300
MERCURY K8V800 Rs2100
BIOSTAR K8M 800 Rs2200
ECS Rs2100

MOTHERBOARDS FOR AMD CPU (939)

ASUS A8V VM Rs2800
ASUS A8N VM Rs3700
GIGABYTE RS482M2-IL Rs3000
GIGABYTE K8N51GMF Rs3200
ASUS A8N VM CSM Rs4100
ASUS A8V DLX Rs5400
ASUS A8N-E Rs5200
ASUS A8N-SLI Rs6300
ASUS A8N-SLI DLX Rs8100

MOTHERBOARDS FOR AMD CPU (AM2)

ASUS M2V-TVM Rs3200
ASUS M2N-MX Rs4100
GIGABYTE RS482 Rs4000
MSI K9NGM2 Rs4200
ASUS M2NPV-MX Rs4300
ASUS M2N32-SLI DLX Rs11500

MOTHERBOARDS FOR INTEL CPU (LGA 775)

INTEL 865 GSA Rs3000
ASUS P5GPL Rs3000
INTEL D101GGC Rs3500
ASUS P5RD1-VM Rs2900
GIGABYTE 915 Rs3100
GIGABYTE 865 GV Rs2500
ASROCK 865 GV Rs2100
GIGABYTE 865 GMV Rs2500
INTEL 915 GAVL Rs4500

MOTHERBOARDS FOR INTEL CPU (LGA 775) DDR2

INTEL D102GGC2 Rs4000
INTEL 945 GNTL Rs5800
INTEL 945 GNTLR Rs6200
ASUS P5GDCV DLX Rs7000
ASUS P5RD2 VM Rs3100
D-LINK 915 Rs4100

MOTHERBOARDS FOR INTEL CORE 2 DUO CPU

GIGABYTE GA-945-MRZ Rs3700
INTEL D946 Rs4600
ASUS P5LD2-VM SE Rs4100
GIGABYTE GA-945GM-S2 Rs4900
INTEL D965RY Rs6600
ASUS P5B Rs9000
ASUS P5B DLX Rs11500
GIGABYTE GA-965P-DS3 Rs9000
GIGABYTE GA-965P-DQ6 Rs12000
ASUS P5WDH DLX Rs12600
INTEL 975 XBX Rs15800

Processors Pricelist updates

2007-10-10T06:19:00.000-07:00

INTEL PROCESSORS:-
CELERON
326 (256K L2 cache 2.53GHz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs1700
331 (256K L2 cache 2.66Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs1800
336 (256K L2 cache 2.80Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs2100
341 (256K L2 cache 2.93Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs2300

PENTIUM 4
506 (1MB L2 cache 2.66Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs3600
511 (1MB L2 cache 2.80Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs3700
524 (1MB L2 cache 2.93Ghz 533MHz FSB 90nm) Rs3800
531 (1MB L2 cache 3.0Ghz 800MHz FSB 65nm) Rs4100
541 (1MB L2 cache 3.2Ghz 800MHz FSB 65nm) Rs4300

PENTIUM DUAL CORE
805 (2MB L2 cache 2.66Ghz 800MHz FSB 90nm) Rs4300
820 (2MB L2 cache 2.80Ghz 800MHz FSB 90nm) Rs4400
915 (4MB L2 cache 2.80Ghz 800MHz FSB 65nm) Rs5400
925 (4MB L2 cache 3.0Ghz 800MHz FSB 65nm) Rs6200
945 (4MB L2 cache 3.4Ghz 800MHz FSB 65nm) Rs7500

CORE 2 DUO
E6300 (2MB L2 cache 1.87Ghz 1066MHz FSB 65nm) Rs8300
E6400 (2MB L2 cache 2.13Ghz 1066MHz FSB 65nm) Rs10400
E6600 (4MB L2 cache 2.40Ghz 1066MHz FSB 65nm) Rs14500
E6700 (4MB L2 cache 2.66Ghz 1066MHz FSB 65nm) Rs23800
E6700 (4MB L2 cache 2.93Ghz 1066MHz FSB 65nm) Rs49000

INTEL HISTORY

2007-04-10T01:49:00.000-07:00

Intel was founded in 1968 by Gordon E. Moore (a chemist and physicist) and Robert Noyce (a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit) when they left Fairchild Semiconductor. A number of other Fairchild employees also went on to participate in other Silicon Valley companies. Intel's fourth employee was Andy Grove (a chemical engineer), who ran the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s. Grove is now remembered as the company's key business and strategic leader. By the end of the 1990s, Intel was one of the largest and most successful businesses in the world, though fierce competition within the semiconductor industry has since diminished its position.

Intel has grown through several distinct phases. At its founding, Intel was distinguished simply by its ability to make semiconductors, and its primary product were static random access memory (SRAM) chips. Intel's business grew during the 1970s as it expanded and improved its manufacturing processes and produced a wider range of products, still dominated by various memory devices. While Intel created the first microprocessor in 1971, by the early 1980s its business was dominated by Dynamic random access memory chips. However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had by 1983 dramatically reduced the profitability of this market, and the sudden success of the IBM personal computer convinced then-CEO Grove to shift the company's focus to microprocessors and to change fundamental aspects of that business model. By the end of the 1980s this decision had proven successful, and Intel embarked on a 10-year period of unprecedented growth as the primary (and most profitable) hardware supplier to the PC industry. After 2000, growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed and competitors garnered significant market share, initially in low-end and mid-range processors but ultimately across the product range, and Intel's dominant position was reduced. In the early 2000s then-CEO Craig Barrett attempted to diversify the company's business beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful. In 2005, CEO Paul Otellini reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and chipset business on platforms (enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility) which led to the hiring of over 10,000 new employees. In September of 2006 due to falling profits, the company announced a restructuring that resulted in a layoff of 10,500 employees or about 10 percent of its workforce by July of 2007.

In September 2006, Intel had nearly 100,000 employees and 200 facilities world wide. Its 2005 revenues were $38.8 billion and its Fortune 500 ranking was 49th. Its stock symbol is INTC, listed on the NASDAQ.

recent developments

2007-01-20T19:42:00.000-08:00

Intel Inside, Intel Systems Division, and Intel Architecture Labs

During this period, Intel undertook two major supporting programs that helped guarantee their processor's success. The first is widely-known: the 1990 "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign. This campaign established Intel, which had been a component supplier little-known outside the PC industry, as a household name. The second program is little-known: Intel's Systems Group began, in the early 1990s, manufacturing PC "motherboards", the main board component of a personal computer, and the one into which the processor (CPU) and memory (RAM) chips are plugged. Shortly after, Intel began manufacturing fully-configured "white box" systems for the dozens of PC clone companies that rapidly sprang up. At its peak in the mid-1990s, Intel manufactured over 15% of all PCs, making it the third-largest supplier at the time. By manufacturing leading-edge PC motherboards systems, Intel enabled smaller manufacturers to compete with larger manufacturers, accelerating the adoption of the newest microprocessors and system architecture, including the PCI bus, USB and other innovations. This in turn led to more rapid adoption of each of its new processors in turn.

During the 1990s, Intel's Architecture Lab (IAL) was responsible for many of the hardware innovations of the personal computer, including the PCI Bus, the PCI Express (PCIe) bus, the Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth wireless interconnect, and the now-dominant architecture for multiprocessor servers. IAL's software efforts met with a more mixed fate; its video and graphics software was important in the development of software digital video, but later its efforts were largely overshadowed by competition from Microsoft. The competition between Intel and Microsoft was revealed in testimony by IAL Vice-President Steven McGeady at the Microsoft antitrust trial.

Another factor contributing to rapid adoption of Intel's processors during this period were the successive release of Microsoft Windows operating systems, each requiring significantly greater processor resources. The releases of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 2000 provided impetus for successive generations of hardware.

Competition, antitrust and espionage

Two factors combined to end this dominance: the slowing of PC demand growth beginning in 2000 and the rise of the low-cost PC. By the end of the 1990s, microprocessor performance had outstripped software demand for that CPU power. Aside from high-end server systems and software, demand for which dropped with the end of the "dot-com bubble", consumer systems ran effectively on increasingly low-cost systems after 2000. Intel's strategy of producing ever-more-powerful processors and obsoleting their predecessors stumbled, leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably AMD. This in turn lowered the profitability of the processor line and ended an era of unprecedented dominance of the PC hardware by Intel.

Intel's dominance in the x86 microprocessor market led to numerous charges of antitrust violations over the years, including FTC investigations in both the late 1980s and in 1999, and civil actions such as the 1997 suit by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and a patent suit by Intergraph. Intel's market dominance (at one time it controlled over 85% of the market for 32-bit PC microprocessors) combined with Intel's own hardball legal tactics (such as its infamous 338 patent[2] suit versus PC manufacturers) made it an attractive target for litigation, but few of the lawsuits ever amounted to anything.

A case of industrial espionage arose in 1995 that involved both Intel and AMD. Guillermo Gaede, an Argentine immigrant formerly employed both at AMD and at Intel's Arizona plant, was arrested for attempting in 1993 to sell the i486 and Pentium designs to AMD and to certain foreign powers.^[1]^[2] Gaede videotaped data from his computer screen at Intel and mailed it to AMD, which alerted Intel and authorities, resulting in Gaede's arrest.^[3] Gaede was convicted and sentenced to 33 months in prison in June of 1996.

iMac Intel Core Duo

(20-inch)

Partnership with Apple

On June 6, 2005, Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs announced that Apple would be transitioning from its long favored PowerPC architecture to the Intel X86 architecture. Reasons stated for the change were vague but included thermal issues with recent PowerPC G5 chips and an implication that the future PowerPC roadmap was unable to satisfy Apple's needs for computing power. In particular, the large power requirement of the G5 chip and subsequent heat generation was seen as a major stumbling block, preventing the placement of such a chip in one of Apple's laptop computers. The first Apple computers containing Intel CPUs were announced on January 10, 2006. Apple initially planned to put Intel chips in all of their computers by the end of 2007,^[4] but Apple managed to have its entire consumer product line running on Intel processors by early August 2006. The Apple Xserve server was updated to Intel Xeon processors from November 2006 and is offered in a configuration similar to Apple's Mac Pro.^[5]

Leadership

Robert Noyce was Intel's CEO at its founding in 1968, followed by co-founder Gordon Moore in 1975. Andy Grove became the company's President in 1979 and added the CEO title in 1987 when Moore became Chairman. In 1997 Grove succeeded Moore as Chairman, and Craig Barrett, already company president, took over. On May 18, 2005, Barrett handed the reins of the company over to Paul Otellini, who previously was the company president and was responsible for Intel's design win in the original IBM PC. The board of directors elected Otellini CEO, and Barrett replaced Grove as Chairman of the Board. Grove stepped down as Chairman, but will be retained as a special advisor.

Corporate governance

Current members of the board of directors of Intel are: Craig Barrett, Charlene Barshefsky, John Browne, James Guzy, Reed Hundt, James Plummer, David Pottruck, Jane Shaw, John Thornton, and [David

Intel, x86

2007-01-20T19:34:00.000-08:00

Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC

Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the 4004 and its successors the 8008 and the 8080 were never major revenue contributors at Intel. As the next processor, the 8086 (and its variant the 8088) was completed in 1978, Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible. One design win was the newly-created IBM PC division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time.

IBM introduced its personal computer in 1981, and it was rapidly successful. In 1982, Intel created the 80286 microprocessor, though IBM chose not to use that, embarking on an effort to produce its own x86 processor under a cross-licensing agreement with Intel. Compaq, the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, in 1985 produced a desktop system based on the faster 80286 processor and in 1986 quickly followed with the first 80386-based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key component supplier.

386 microprocessor

During this period Andy Grove dramatically redirected the company, closing much of its DRAM business and directing resources to the microprocessor business. Of perhaps more importance was his decision to "single-source" the 386 microprocessor. Prior to this, microprocessor manufacturing was in its infancy, and manufacturing problems frequently reduced or stopped production, interrupting supplies to customers. To mitigate this risk, these customers typically insisted that multiple manufacturers produce chips they would use to ensure a consistent supply. The 8080 and 8086-series microprocessor were produced by several companies, notably Zilog and AMD. Grove made the decision not to license the 386 design to other manufacturers, instead producing it in three geographically-distinct factories in Santa Clara (CA), Hillsboro (OR), and Phoenix (AZ), and convincing customers that this would ensure consistent delivery. As the success of Compaq's Deskpro 386 established the 386 as the dominant CPU choice, Intel achieved a position of near-exclusive dominance as its supplier. Profits from this funded rapid development of both higher-performance chip designs and higher-performance manufacturing capabilities, propelling Intel to a position of unquestioned leadership by the early 1990s.

486, Pentium, and Itanium

Intel introduced the 486 microprocessor in 1989, and in 1990 formally established a second design team, designing the processors code-named "P5" and "P6" in parallel and committing to a major new processor every two years, versus the four or more years such designs had previously taken. The P5 was introduced in 1993 as the Intel Pentium, substituting a trademarked name for the former part number (numbers, like 486, cannot be trademarked). The P6 followed in 1995 as the Pentium Pro and improved into the Pentium II in 1997. New architectures were developed alternately in Santa Clara, California, Hillsboro, Oregon, and Haifa, Israel.

Intel's Santa Clara design team embarked in 1993 on a successor to the x86 architecture, codenamed "P7". The first attempt was dropped a year later, but quickly revived in a cooperative program with Hewlett-Packard engineers, though Intel soon took over primary design responsibility. The resulting implementation of the IA-64 64-bit architecture was the Itanium, introduced in June 2001. The Itanium's performance running legacy x86 code did not achieve expectations, and it inititally failed to effectively compete with 64-bit extensions to the original x86 architecture, first from AMD (the AMD64), then from Intel itself (the EM64T). Intel continues to develop and deploy the Itanium and the IA-64 architecture as the Itanium 2.

During this period Intel's Hillsboro team designed and introduced the *P6 Pentium Pro in 1995, the Willamette processor (code-named P67 and P68) and marketed as Pentium 4, and finally the 64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture, present in some versions of the Pentium 4 and in the Intel Core 2 chips.

Pentium flaw

In June 1994, Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the floating-point math subsection of the Pentium microprocessor. Under certain data-dependent conditions, low-order bits of the result of floating-point division operations would be incorrect, an error that can quickly compound in floating-point operations to much larger errors in subsequent calculations. Nonetheless, Intel decided to correct the error in a future chip revision and did not disclose it.

In October 1994, Dr. Thomas Nicely, Professor of Mathematics at Lynchburg College independently discovered the bug, and upon receiving no response from his inquiry to Intel, on October 30 posted a message on the Internet[1]. Word of the bug spread quickly on the Internet and then to the industry press. Because the bug was easy to replicate by an average user (there was a sequence of numbers one could enter into Microsoft's calculator tool to show the error), Intel's statements that it was minor and "not even an erratum" were not accepted by many computer users. During Thanksgiving 1994 the New York Times ran a piece by journalist John Markoff spotlighting the error. Intel changed their position and decided to offer to replace every chip with a problem, quickly putting in place a large end-user support organization. This resulted in a $500 million charge against Intel's 1994 revenue.

Paradoxically, the "Pentium flaw" incident, Intel's response to it, and the surrounding media coverage propelled Intel from being a technology supplier generally unknown to most computer users to a household name. Dovetailing with an uptick in the "Intel Inside" campaign, the episode is considered by some to have been a positive event for Intel, changing some of its business practices to be more end-user focused and generating substantial public awareness, while avoiding (for most users) a lasting negative impression.

SRAMS and the microprocessor

2007-01-20T19:31:00.000-08:00

The company's first products were random-access memory integrated circuits, and Intel grew to be a leader in the fiercely competitive DRAM, SRAM, and ROM markets throughout the 1970s. Concurrently, Intel engineers Marcian Hoff, Federico Faggin, Stanley Mazor and Masatoshi Shima invented the first microprocessor. Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of ASICs in a calculator already produced by Busicom, the Intel 4004 was introduced to the mass market on November 15, 1971, though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mid-1980s. (Note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor.)